Pre- and postharvest treatments aimed at the production of secondary metabolites in the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5016/1984-5529.2023.v51.1405Keywords:
Antioxidants, secondary compounds, water stress, phenolic compoumdsAbstract
Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) is a specie very chemically rich and used in the manufacture of several herbal products, as well as its essential oil, and thus, it is essential to evaluate its chemical composition as well as the techniques that enhance the formation of these secondary metabolites. So, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of different periods of water restriction supply performed in the preharvest of this plant species, as well as to evaluate different conditions of storage in the postharvest, aimed to maximize the production of secondary metabolites from essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus. The treatments performed were consisted of four periods of water restriction supply in the plants: 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, and two methods of storage (and preserving) the leaves in the postharvest: natural (10 days in a room temperature at 32 ± 2 ºC and 75 ± 3% of R.H) and under cold storage at 0 ºC for 10 days as well. At the final of experimental time eighteen (18) chemical components have been identified in Cymbopogon nardus essential oil. The main components verified were citronellol (19.3%), at 10 days stored at room temperature, citronellol (14.1%) and trans-geraniol (55.8%), at 15 days stored at room temperature. In the essential oil, most of the treatments used proved to be effective in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and fungicidal and bactericidal effects were observed in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of CMIs. The water restriction supply of citronella plants for 10 and 15 days associated with the cold storage of the leaves at 0 ºC favored the formation of secondary metabolites. The formation of carotenoids and chlorophyll was superior when the plants were subjected to water restriction supply for 10 days and stored at room temperature. For phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, water restriction supply for 10 days and storage at 0 ºC resulted in the highest means, while for flavonoids, water restriction supply for 15 days and storage at 0 ºC promoted the best results. Therefore, based on the results presented, the techniques here used to enhance the synthesis of secondary metabolites and essential oils can be used in medicinal plants.References
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