Influence of the mulching crops and of nitrogen on the yield components of winter dry beans following corn.

Abstract

In tropical regions of low altitude, the performance of green mass generating species for covering the ground, in production systems involving crops of maize in the summer and beans in the winter, becomes of utmost importance for implantation and success of the no-tillage system. This work had as objective to evaluate the agronomic performance of the winter dry bean, in succession to maize crop, preceded by green mass producing species, in the presence and absence of top dressed N. The following species had been previously used for green mass production: Crotalaria juncea (st and 2nd year), Cajanus cajan (st year), Pennisetum americanum (st and 2nd year), Brachiaria decumbens (st year), Canavalia brasiliensis (2nd year) and Eleusine indica (2nd year), either isolated or in association (grasses and leguminous), and as spontaneous vegetation. It was verified that the nitrogen fertilization in top dressed N in the bean influence positively the yield components and yield grains; residues of the nitrogen fertilization in the rates between 20 the 50 kg ha-⊃ of N in maize, determines increments in the yield grains of the bean; residues of the covering plants, in special of the leguminous, influences positively, of general form, in the yield components and the yield of the bean.Additional keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris; green and chemical fertilization; association; production system.